![]() ![]() ![]() 17 Soon lords found themselves being defied by their own castellans, who tended to become themselves the heads of their own dynasties. Kings and princes were powerless to maintain control over castles they had built themselves, so they handed them over as fiefs to their vassals, at times even to prevent the raising of new fortresses, which became administrative capitals for surrounding districts and the centers of a whole network of facilities. By the tenth century, they were practically independent, but their own authority, in turn, was being eroded by viscounts, castellans, and other leaders of smaller communities. Royal officials tended to become leaders of autonomous local communities rather than agents of central authority. Strayer ( 1971, 14) has indicated, that during the feudal era, interests and loyalties were primarily local, limited to the family, the neighborhood and the county. In some cases, their judicial decisions were eventually recorded and collected to serve as an example and precedent in the event of future conflicts, leading to the appearance of texts making up “feudal law”. Kings generally, did not enjoy a preeminent position in these tribunals which, as a result of the contractual nature of feudal pacts, were composed of the most important feudal lords, who considered themselves on a level with the king ( Cour des pairs). ![]() Vassal relationships were part of this ancient order, and this is why time-honored practices defined the legal features of feudal pacts, through the verdicts of feudal courts ruling on conflicts arising between lords and vassals (Ganshof 1996, 158–159). Crowned by bishops, Christian monarchs were primarily considered “righteous kings” ( roi justicier), whose main mission was to defend the immemorial order created by God-an order at the time defined by tradition and custom. This important transformation led to a specific form of social organization that historians have called feudalism, 2 which, from the perspective of constitutional history, Strayer ( 2005, 63) has described as a type of government in which political power was considered to be a private prerogative and asset wielded by a whole series of local lords.Īs the notion of public power had dissolved, the feudal system was not initially set down in laws, for the king lacked the authority and political power to establish legal precepts. The Germanic kings, thus, struggled to be considered superiors in the way the Roman emperor had been because they had to grapple with the nobles of their kingdoms, to whom they often entrusted territorial government. KIDDIE MIDI PAGE For the kid in all of us.ĬHRISTMAS MIDI MADNESS Some rare, some silly - all beautiful.One of the reasons why the Germanic kings wielded less power than the Roman emperors was because the old hierarchical relationship which singled out the emperor as the representative of public authority was replaced, in the case of the Germanic kingdoms, by a series of interpersonal, private accords between the king and his most important subjects: the heads of clans or lineages ( sippe), which could challenge the crown, as royal succession was based on election rather than hereditary principle. Please e-mail me and I will give credit where it is due. If I have infringed on any copyrights, or have not given proper credit, it is only do to my novice experience, and not malicious intent. I have tried to stay with "free to download" sites, but found they offer only the midis, and not the credit. Can anyone tell me why the animated notes stop when a midi is selected and how to fix it? Any suggestions to my e-mail below would be appreciated.ĭisclaimer - I have read and reread all the copyright articles I could find, and believe the midis I have accumulated are available to share for personal use only. HELP!!! The above table was not created by using any templates or editors, but was authored by me when I could not find the exact one I was looking for. For web sites offering graphics and music, WebTv users have created an added burden by causing a slowdown of their site and an increased cost for their bandwidth charges." ~ ENJOY ~ PC users are free to save by right clicking on the midi, go to "save as" and download to your own files - but PLEASE do not link back to my site or the midis because, "Prior to the creation of the TRANSLOADER service WebTV users had no way of copying graphics or music files for their use without linking to the source. This is the first set of a varied selection that includes some very UNUSUAL AND RARE songs that had some special meaning for me, or ones that I just simply could not resist. I have built up quite a large file over the past few years. I started saving as many as I could that were free or for public domain usage. When I first discovered the wonderful world of midis, I was enthralled by the quality and haunting melody of the strains of the chords. ![]()
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